
As people age, they may develop breathing problems due to illnesses or diseases like COPD or emphysema. For some, oxygen therapy may become necessary to help the body maintain adequate oxygen levels. Oxygen concentrators are oxygen therapy devices that continuously convert room air into nearly pure oxygen, which can help the body receive sufficient oxygen despite any conditions that may prevent proper oxygen intake.
Stationary oxygen concentrators have been available for home use since the 1970s, and in the early 2000s, portable oxygen concentrators (POCs) were introduced. Today, individuals requiring oxygen therapy have the option to choose between these two types of devices based on their needs and lifestyle. In this article, we will explore the differences between stationary (home) and portable oxygen concentrators, addressing key factors such as how they work, oxygen delivery methods, size, cost, and more to help you decide which device is best for you.
Types of oxygen concentrators
Today, manufacturers sell various models of oxygen concentrators with different features. There are two main types:
- Stationary (home) oxygen concentrators: These devices provide continuous oxygen at potentially higher levels for individuals who primarily use oxygen while at home.
- Portable oxygen concentrators (POCs): These devices are smaller, lightweight units designed for portability, allowing active individuals to receive oxygen therapy while outside of the home.
Regardless of type, you will need a doctor’s prescription to purchase and use an oxygen concentrator. Your provider will determine how much oxygen is right for you and how often or when to use it. Too much oxygen, or oxygen toxicity, can be dangerous, especially for those who don’t need oxygen therapy.
Most manufacturers have multiple models to best suit their customers’ needs. Which style is right for you will depend on your oxygen needs and lifestyle. Here is an overview of the differences between the two main types of oxygen concentrators.
Stationary oxygen concentrators | Portable oxygen concentrators |
For continuous and high-volume oxygen needs | For mobility and travel away from home; some models are FAA-approved for air travel |
Sizes vary, but the dimensions can be up to 28ʺ x 17ʺ x 15ʺ | More compact dimensions, as small as 7ʺ x 6ʺ x 3ʺ |
Weight ranges from about 10-50 pounds | Weight ranges from approximately 2-20 pounds |
Runs on electricity | Battery operated |
Oxygen output typically up to 10 L/min | Average pulse output of 0.5-2L/min |
Wheels for moving from room to room | Carrying cart or shoulder strap/backpack |
Stationary and portable oxygen concentrators differ in terms of operation, power sources, and oxygen outputs, which in turn affect size, weight, and cost. Let’s take a closer look at how these two types of oxygen concentrators differ.
How do they work?
Both stationary and portable oxygen concentrators provide concentrated oxygen to users, but how they operate differs slightly. Stationary oxygen concentrators provide a continuous flow of oxygen, which is ideal for users who need a steady supply throughout the day and night. These machines can deliver higher volumes of oxygen (up to 10 liters per minute).
Portable oxygen concentrators more often deliver oxygen in pulse doses, meaning they release a burst of oxygen each time the user inhales. Compared to stationary units, POCs generally have a lower oxygen output (typically up to around 2 liters per minute). Some POCs offer a continuous flow option but at a lower rate than home oxygen concentrators. While portable units provide flexibility for users on the go, they may not be sufficient for those who require higher oxygen levels.
Oxygen output
One of the most important factors to consider when choosing which style of oxygen concentrator is right for you is whether the concentrator can meet your oxygen needs. Oxygen output is typically measured in liters per minute (L/min), and the amount required will vary depending on your condition. A doctor will indicate in your prescription the amount of oxygen you require.
As mentioned above, home oxygen concentrators can deliver a continuous flow of oxygen, often up to 10 L/min. This is ideal for individuals who have higher oxygen needs or who require oxygen throughout the night.
Portable models generally provide oxygen in bursts and have a lower output, usually ranging from 0.5 to 2 L/min. For individuals with low to moderate oxygen needs, a POC may be sufficient. However, for those with higher oxygen demands, a stationary concentrator might be necessary.
Power sources
Both stationary and POCs require a power source. Home models run on electricity and will operate as long as they are plugged into a working outlet. Some stationary devices include an internal backup battery or a small pressurized oxygen tank to use in case of power failures.
POCs run on rechargeable batteries. Many models also offer the option to run on electricity while batteries are charging or to avoid draining batteries while at home. Battery life depends on a number of factors, including POC model, battery size, and oxygen flow settings. It is advisable to bring a backup battery with you when away from home in case your battery runs out and you don’t have access to a power source to recharge.
Differences in size and weight
Oxygen output levels and power sources contribute significantly to the size and weight of the different types of machines. Home oxygen concentrators are typically larger and heavier, as they are more powerful. For POCs, the smaller the battery, the less the device weighs. Approximate specifications are as follows:
Stationary oxygen concentrators
- Sizes vary, but dimensions can be up to around 28ʺ x 17ʺ x 15ʺ.
- Weight ranges from about 10-50 pounds.
Portable oxygen concentrators
- More compact dimensions, as small as 7ʺ x 6ʺ x 3ʺ.
- Weight ranges from approximately 2-20 pounds.
Cost differences
Oxygen concentrators are considered durable medical equipment (DME) and can be purchased from medical supply companies. Prices vary depending on type, capacity, whether the concentrator is new or used, and whether it’s purchased outright or rented. Accessories and other add-ons can affect the cost as well.
Stationary units are generally less expensive than portable ones but can still be pricey, especially for high-output models. The average cost for a stationary oxygen concentrator ranges from $600 to $2,000, depending on specifications. POCs are typically more expensive due to their portability and advanced features. Prices can range from $2,000 to $4,000 or more.
Insurance coverage may help cover the costs of oxygen concentrators. If certain requirements are met, Medicare Type B offers coverage for oxygen concentrators and other oxygen equipment, such as nasal cannula tubing, masks, and other accessories. They may also cover machine maintenance, servicing, and repairs. Medicaid may also cover costs, but Medicaid programs vary by state. You should check with your provider for specifics about what’s covered and any potential out-of-pocket costs.
If insurance doesn’t cover this device for you, local community health nonprofits or charitable organizations may be able to help.
Which type of oxygen concentrator is right for me?
Your lifestyle and oxygen requirements can help determine which type of machine is right for you and if you should have one type or both.
People who are homebound or need oxygen at night may choose to have a stationary device. Stationary models are better suited for high-flow oxygen needs and can provide continuous oxygen for long periods without requiring recharging. Although they can typically be moved from room to room inside the home, they cannot be used during travel or while out and about.
For older adults who are active outside the home, having a POC can significantly enhance their freedom and quality of life. Portable models are lightweight and battery-operated, making them much easier to carry and manage. You can even bring an FAA-approved POC on an airplane. However, portable devices have lower oxygen flow rates and therefore are not suitable for those with higher oxygen needs.
Some seniors choose to have both in order to capitalize on each type’s features and capabilities. For example, an individual who can receive the necessary oxygen from a POC may choose to use one while out and about but to use a home oxygen concentrator while sleeping so they don’t have to worry about their battery level at night. In addition, the machines perform better and have a longer lifespan if they aren’t in constant operation, so having both can extend how long they work.
While stationary and portable oxygen concentrators serve the same purpose — helping individuals receive the oxygen they need to live a healthier life — there are significant differences in functionality, oxygen output, power source, size, and cost. It’s important to choose the right device for your specific needs. Whether you opt for one or both types of concentrators, either type can help you improve your quality of life and maintain your health. Be sure to consult with a health care professional to determine which oxygen solution is best for you.